• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    copper alloy, and, cooling pipe and air conditioning (acr) for use in a heat exchanger. An alloy comprising copper, nickel, tin and optionally phosphorus which can be used, for example, in a heat exchanger copper alloy tube which provides excellent fracture resistance and processability to reduce tube weight and to use in high pressure applications with cooling medium such as carbon dioxide.
    公开号:BR112012000607B1
    申请号:R112012000607-0
    申请日:2010-07-08
    公开日:2019-03-06
    发明作者:Parker M. Finney；Larz Ignberg；Anders Kamf；Tim Goebel；Eric Gong；Ed Rottman
    申请人:Virtus Precision Tube, Llc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    “COPPER ALLOY, AND, AIR CONDITIONING AND COOLING TUBE (ACR) FOR USE IN A HEAT EXCHANGER”
    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority for U.S. provisional patent application 61 / 224,671, filed on July 10, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates in general to copper alloys and the use of copper alloys in tubes for heat exchangers. Specifically, the invention relates to a high strength copper alloy tube that has desirable fracture resistance properties and processability. The alloy is suitable for reducing thickness and therefore saves material for existing air conditioning and cooling (ACR) heat exchangers, and is suitable for use in a heat exchanger using a cooling medium such as CO 2 . BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Heat exchangers for air conditioners can be constructed of a U-shaped copper tube folded like a hairpin and fins made of aluminum plate or aluminum alloy.
    [0004] Thus, a copper tube used for the heat exchangers of the aforementioned type requires proper conductivity, conformability and brazability properties.
    [0005] HCFC-based fluorocarbons (hydro-chloro-fluorocarbon) have been widely used for cooling media used for heat exchangers, such as air conditioners. However, HCFCs have a great potential for depleting ozone, so that other means of cooling have been selected for environmental reasons. Green refrigerants, for example, CO 2 , which is a natural cooling medium, have been used for heat exchangers.
    [0006] Condensing pressure during operation needs to be increased to use CO2 as the cooling medium to maintain the same heat transfer performance as HCFC-based fluorocarbons. Usually, in a
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 8/20
    2/10 heat exchanger in which these cooling media are used (pressure of a fluid that drains into the tube of the heat exchanger) is maximized in a condenser (CO2 gas cooler). In this condenser or gas cooler, for example, R22 (a fluorocarbon based on HCFC) has a condensing pressure of about 1.8 MPa. On the other hand, the CO 2 cooling medium must have a condensing pressure of about 7 to 10 MPa (supercritical state). Therefore, the operating pressures of the new cooling medium are increased, compared to the operating pressure of the conventional cooling medium R22.
    [0007] Because of the higher pressure and a certain loss of strength due to brazing in some tube forming processes, conventional copper materials have to be made thicker, thus increasing the weight of the tube and therefore the costs of material associated with the tube.
    [0008] What is needed is a heat exchanger tube that has high tensile strength, excellent processability and good thermal conductivity that is suitable for reducing wall thickness and therefore material costs, for ACR heat exchangers and that it is suitable to withstand high pressure applications with new green cooling media such as CO 2 .
    BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0009] The present invention provides a copper alloy, for use in heat exchanger tubes, for example, with high tensile strength, excellent processability and good thermal conductivity.
    [0010] One aspect of the present invention is a copper alloy and composition that includes the following, where the percentages are by weight. The composition comprises copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn). In one embodiment, the alloy has a composition of 99% by weight of copper, 0.5% by weight of nickel and 0.5% by weight of tin, represented as CuNi (0.5) Sn (0.5). In another modality, nickel is present in the range of 0.2% and 1.0%, tin in the range of 02,% to 1.0% and the rest includes Cu and impurities. The composition optionally comprises phosphorus in the range of 0.01% to 0.07%.
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 9/20
    3/10 [0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides tubes for ACR applications comprising the composition of the copper alloy. In yet another aspect of the present invention, the composition of the alloy is formed into tubes for refrigeration and air conditioning (ACR) applications.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0012] Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the relative metallic value per foot as a function of the copper price for a currently used alloy, C122, in standard wall thickness, compared to an alloy of the present invention CuNi (0.5 ) Sn (0.5) at a small wall thickness.
    [0013] Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the limit of resistance and conductivity for alloys tested as a function of Ni and Sn levels. Sn has a greater influence on both resistance and conductivity.
    [0014] Figures 3 (a) - (c) are graphical representations of various views of a tube according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure (a) is a perspective view, figure (b) is a cross section of the tube (a) seen along a longitudinal axis; and figure (c) is a cross section of the tube of (a) and (b) seen along an axis normal to the longitudinal axis.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0015] The present invention provides a high-strength alloy that can, for example, reduce wall thickness and therefore reduce the cost associated with existing cooling and air conditioning (ACR) piping and / or provide cooling and conditioning (ACR) tubing capable of withstanding the increased pressures associated with cooling medium such as CO2. High strength means an alloy and / or tube made of an alloy that has at least the levels of resistance limit and / or collapse pressure and / or fatigue failure established herein. The copper alloy can provide reductions in material savings, cost savings, environmental impact and energy consumption.
    [0016] In order to provide a copper alloy for a heat exchanger tube, which can, for example, be used with cooling medium such as CO2, the selected alloy must have appropriate material properties and perform well with
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 10/20
    4/10 regarding processability. Important material properties include properties such as, for example, collapse / resistance pressure, ductility, conductivity and cyclic fatigue. The characteristics of the alloy and / or tube described here are desirable so that they can withstand ACR operating environments. [0017] High tensile strength and high collapse pressure are desirable pipe properties by virtue of defining what operating pressure a pipe can withstand before failing. For example, the higher the collapse pressure, the more robust the tube design or, for a given minimum collapse pressure, the present alloy allows for a thinner wall thickness. There is a correlation between resistance limit and collapse pressure. The alloy and / or tube comprising the alloy has, for example, a material strength limit of a minimum of 38 Ksi (kiloliter per square inch) (262 MPa). The strength limit of the material can be measured by methods known in the art such as, for example, ASTM E-8 test protocol. In various embodiments, the alloy and / or tube comprising the alloy has a material strength limit of 39, 40, 41 or 42 Ksi (269, 276, 283 or 290 MPa).
    [0018] Ductility of the alloy and / or a tube made of the alloy is a desirable property because, in one embodiment, tubes need to be bent 180 degrees in hairpins without fracturing or bending for use in the coil. Elongation is an indicator of the ductility of the material. The alloy and / or tube comprising the alloy has, for example, a minimum elongation of 40%. Elongation can be measured by methods known in the art, such as, for example, the ASTM E-8 test protocol. In various embodiments, the alloy and / or tube comprising the alloy has a minimum elongation of 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 or 50%.
    [0019] Conductivity is a desirable property because it is related to the heat transfer capacity and, therefore, it is a component of the efficiency of an ACR coil. Also, conductivity can be important for the formation of the tube. The alloy and / or the tube comprising the alloy has, for example, a minimum conductivity of 35% IACS. Conductivity can be
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 11/20
    5/10 measured by methods known in the art such as, for example, the test protocol ASTM E-1004. In various embodiments, the alloy and / or tube comprising the alloy has a minimum conductivity of 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 or 65% (IACS). [0020] The alloy and / or tube has, for example, at least the same resistance to cyclic fatigue failure as the current alloy in use, for example, C122, shown in the table
    2. In addition, it is desirable that the alloy and / or pipe have, for example, at least equivalent resistance against one or more types of corrosion (for example, galvanic corrosion and ant-nest corrosion) of the current alloy in use, for example , C122. [0021] In one embodiment, a tube comprising an alloy of the present invention has greater resistance to softening (which may be important for brazing) and / or greater resistance to fatigue compared to a standard copper tube, for example, a tube made of C122.
    [0022] In one embodiment, a tube shown in figures 3 (a) - (c) with a small wall thickness t (in relation to a tube comprising a conventional alloy, for example, C122) comprising the present alloy has collapse pressure and / or cyclic fatigue equal or better in relation to the tube comprising a conventional alloy, for example, C122. For example, the wall thickness of a tube of the present invention is minimized in relation to a standard tube, for example, a C122 tube, which reduces the total material cost, and both tubes have the same collapse pressure. In various embodiments, the pipe wall thickness is at least 10, 15 or 20% less than a C122 pipe, where both pipes have the same collapse pressure. Collapse pressure can be measured by methods known in the art, for example, as CSAJ-C22.2 no. 140.3 clause 6.1 Strength Test - UL 207 clause 13. Cyclic fatigue can be measured by methods known in the art such as, for example, CSA-C22.2 no. 140.3 Clause 6.4 Fatigue Test - UL 207 clause 14.
    [0023] The alloy of the present invention can be manufactured according to methods known in the art. During the alloy manufacturing process and / or the tube forming process, it can be important to control the temperature. Temperature control can be important in maintaining the elements in
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 12/20
    6/10 solution (preventing precipitation) and controlling grain size. For example, conductivity can increase and conformability can be compromised if processed incorrectly.
    [0024] For example, to maintain both the desired grain size and prevent precipitate formation in the alloy manufacturing processes and / or tube formation, heat treatment will occur in the production process in a short time, in such a way that the temperature the alloy and / or tube is between 400-600 ° C with a rapid rise and decrease in temperature (eg 10 to 500 ° C / second).
    [0025] It is desirable that the alloy and / or tube made of the alloy have a desired grain size. In one embodiment, the grain size is from 1 micron to 50 microns, including all integers between 1 micron and 50 microns. In another embodiment, the grain size is from 10 microns to 25 microns. In yet another embodiment, the grain size is 10 microns to 15 microns. Grain size can be measured by methods known in the art, such as, for example, the ASTM E-112 protocol.
    The alloy compositions of the present invention include the following, where relative amounts of the components in the alloy are given as weight percentages. Weight percentage ranges include all fractions of a percentage (including, but not limited to, tenths and hundredths of a percentage) in the declared ranges.
    [0027] In one embodiment, the composition comprises copper, nickel, tin and, optionally, phosphorus. Nickel is present in the range of 0.2% to 1.0% and more specifically in the range of 0.3% to 0.7%; tin in the range of 0.2% to 1.0% and more specifically in the range of 0.3% to 0.7%, and the rest includes copper and impurities. In one embodiment, the composition of the alloy is CuNi (0.5) Sn (0.5). In another embodiment, the composition of the alloy is CuNi (0.5) Sn (0.5) P (0.020).
    [0028] Impurities can be, for example, naturally occurring or that occur as a result of processing. Examples of impurities include, for example, zinc, iron and lead. In one embodiment, impurities can be at most 0.6%. In several other modalities, impurities can be at most
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 13/20
    7/10
    0.5, 0.45, 0.3, 0.2 or 0.1%.
    [0029] Phosphorus is optionally present in the range of 0.01% to 0.07% and more specifically in the range of 0.015% to 0.030%, or 0.02%. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is considered that the inclusion of an appropriate amount of phosphorus in the alloy increases the weldability of the alloy, affecting the flow characteristics and oxygen content of the metal, while the addition of too much phosphorus leads to a poor granulation structure and unwanted precipitates.
    [0030] In one modality, the composition consists essentially of Cu, Ni and Sn in the aforementioned bands. In another modality, the composition consists essentially of Cu, Ni, Sn and P in the aforementioned ranges. In several embodiments, the addition of components other than copper, nickel, tin (and phosphorus in the case of the second modality) does not result in an adverse change greater than 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1% in the properties of the alloys of the present invention, such as, for example, collapse / resistance pressure, ductility, conductivity and cyclic fatigue.
    [0031] In one embodiment, the composition of the alloy consists of Cu, Ni, Sn and P in the above-mentioned bands. In another modality, the composition of the alloy consists of Cu, Ni, Sn and P in the aforementioned ranges.
    [0032] The alloy of the present invention can be produced for use by various processes such as casting and rolling, extrusion or rolling and welding. The processing requirement includes, for example, brazability. Brazing occurs when the tubes are connected, as described below.
    [0033] In general, in the rolling and welding process the alloy is cast in bars, reduced by rolling in a small gauge, heat treated, cut to size, embossed, formed into a tube, welded, annealed and packaged. In general, in the casting and rolling process, the alloy is cast in a mother tube, drawn in size, annealed, machined to produce internal notches, sized, annealed and packaged. In general, in the extrusion process, the alloy is cast in a solid billet, reheated, extruded in a press, stretched and notched in the final dimensions, annealed and packed.
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 14/20
    8/10 [0034] In one aspect, the present invention provides tubes comprising a copper-nickel-tin alloy (described herein). In one embodiment, the tubes are 0.100 inches (2.54 millimeters) to 1 inch (25.4 millimeters) in diameter, including all fractions of an inch between 0.100 inches (2.54 millimeters) and 1 inch (25, 4 mm), and have a wall thickness from 0.004 inch (0.10 mm) to 0.040 inch (1.02 mm), including all fractions of an inch between 0.004 and 0.040 inch (0.10 to 1.02 mm) . An advantage of the present invention is that thinner-walled tubes can be used in ACR applications. This leads to lower material costs (see figure 1).
    [0035] In one embodiment, tubes comprising copper-nickel alloy, tin (described here) are used in ACR applications. It is desirable that the tubes have sufficient conductivity (for example, so that the tubes can be joined by welding) and conformability (for example, ability to be shaped, for example, bent, after the tube is formed.). Also, it is desirable that the tubes have properties in such a way that the tube can have an internal notch improvement.
    [0036] An example of a suitable process for the alloy of the present invention is a heat exchanger coil formed with a rolling and welding process. In an initial step, the copper alloy of the present invention is melted into plates, followed by hot and cold rolling and coiling in flat strips. The cold-rolled strips are annealed. The annealed copper alloy strips are then formed in heat exchanger tubes by means of a rolling process and continuous welding. Before the process of forming by rolling and welding, the tubes can be provided with internal improvements such as notches or ribs in the inner wall of the tube, as will be evident to those skilled in the art. The tubes are formed in a rolling and continuous welding process and the product can be wound in a large coil. The large bobbin can then move to another area where the bobbin is cut into smaller sections and made into a U-shape or hairpin.
    [0037] In order to build a heat exchanger, the hair clip is ironed
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 15/20
    9/10 in aluminum fin holes and a mandrel is inserted into the U-shaped copper tube to expand the tube, thereby securely attaching the copper tube and the aluminum fin to each other. Then, the open end of the U-shaped copper tube is expanded and a smaller hairpin similarly folded into a U-shape is inserted into the expanded end. The folded copper tube is brazed at the expanded open end using a brazing alloy, thus being connected to an adjacent hairpin to make a heat exchanger.
    [0038] The following example is presented to describe the present invention in detail and is in no way intended to be limiting.
    EXAMPLE [0039] Copper alloys with different levels of Ni and Sn were produced on a pilot scale and the mechanical and physical properties tested, see table 1.
    [0040] The results were plotted as a function of the amount of Ni or Sn, see figure 2. All tested alloys reached a minimum desired conductivity of 35% IACS. The mechanical properties of a minimum strength limit of 38 ksi (262 MPa) are achieved for all tested alloys. In order to meet the desired resistance and conductivity, the composition should be 0.2% to 1.0% by weight for both Ni and Sn.
    [0041] Material of a 0.5% Ni and 0.5% Sn (CuNi (0.5) Sn (0.5) composition was produced on an industrial production scale and formed into tubes using the rolling and welding method. The tubes were produced in both standard wall thickness (eg 0.0118 inch (0.46 mm)) and 13% less wall thickness. The mechanical properties of the tubes have been tested using ASTM and UL (eg UL test protocols and compared with tubes made of the copper alloy of the present use C12200 with standard wall thickness The results are shown in table 2. The alloy of the invention CuNi (0.5) Sn (0.5) has greater strength and greater collapse pressure in thickness of For tubes produced with a smaller wall thickness, the collapse pressure for an alloy of the present invention (CuNi (0.5) Sn (0.5)) is even higher compared to C122 with
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 16/20
    10/10 standard wall thickness.
    Table 1 - Mechanical properties and conductivity for alloys tested at different levels of Ni and Sn
    Call no. Ni (%) Sn(%) P(%) Longitudinal LR (MPa) Longitudinal ALO (%) LR transver salt (MPa) ALO transver salt (%) Electrical conductivity (% IACS) THE 0.2 0.2 0.026 271 48.0 262 47.9 65 B 0.5 0.5 0.02 0 283 44.2 281 46.7 51 Ç 1.0 0.5 0.028 290 44.1 290 46.3 42 D 0.8 1.2 0.025 321 46.3 317 47.9 35 AND 1.7 1.2 0.02 0 344 43.0 - - 35
    Table 2 - Mechanical properties of tubes made from an alloy of the invention (CuNi0.5Sn0.5) compared to the current standard alloy C12200 (Cu-DHP).
    turns on Tube wall thickness grain size (mm) Resistance limit (MPa) Stretching(%) Collapse pressure (MPa) Conductivity(% IACS) Cyclic fatigue CuNi0.5Sn0.5 pattern 0.015 269 46 16.89 52 approved CuNi0.5Sn0.5 87% of the standard 0.015 269 50 13.65 52 approved C12200 pattern 0.020 239 47 13.44 83 approved
    [0042] Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific modalities, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and details can be made in it without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention disclosed herein.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Copper alloy for use in a heat exchanger, characterized by the fact that it consists of:
    a) nickel from 0.3% to 0.7% by weight;
    b) tin from 0.3% to 0.7% by weight; and
    c) phosphorus from 0.01% to 0.07% by weight;
    where the rest of the alloy is copper and impurities and where the alloy has a grain size of 1 micron to 50 microns.
    [2]
    2. Alloy according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that nickel is present in the alloy at 0.5% by weight, and that tin is present in the alloy at 0.5% by weight.
    [3]
    Alloy according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by the fact that phosphorus is present in the alloy at 0.020% by weight.
    [4]
    Alloy according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the alloy has a grain size of 10 microns to 25 microns.
    [5]
    5. Alloy according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the alloy has a grain size of 10 microns to 15 microns.
    [6]
    6. Alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that impurities are present in a maximum of 0.6% by weight.
    [7]
    7. Refrigeration and air conditioning tube (ACR) for use in a heat exchanger, characterized in that the tube comprises a copper alloy as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.
    [8]
    8. Refrigeration and air conditioning tube (ACR), according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the tube has an external diameter of
    2.5mm to 25mm.
    [9]
    Air conditioning and refrigeration tube (ACR) according to either of claims 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that the tube has a wall thickness from 0.10 millimeter to 1.0 millimeter.
    Petition 870180150721, of 11/12/2018, p. 18/20
    2/2
    [10]
    10. Refrigeration and air conditioning tube (ACR) according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the wall thickness of the tube is minimized in relation to the wall thickness of a standard C122 tube to reduce the total material cost, and where each of the tube and the standard C122 tube has substantially the same collapse pressure.
    [11]
    11. Refrigeration and air conditioning tube (ACR) according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the wall thickness of the tube is at least 10% less than the wall thickness of the standard C122 tube.
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    法律状态:
    2018-02-06| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: LUVATA FRANKLIN, INC. (US) |
    2018-08-14| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-08-28| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: VIRTUS PRECISION TUBE, LLC. (US) |
    2018-09-11| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: VIRTUS PRECISION TUBE, LLC. (US) |
    2018-12-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-03-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/07/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US22467109P| true| 2009-07-10|2009-07-10|
    US61/224671|2009-07-10|
    PCT/US2010/041313|WO2011005926A1|2009-07-10|2010-07-08|Copper alloy for heat exchanger tube|
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